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. A new method for retrieving aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its uncertainty from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR)observations over dark water is outlined. MISR's aerosol retrieval algorithm calculates cost functions between observed andpre-simulated radiances for a range of AODs (from 0.0 to 3.0) and a prescribed set of aerosol mixtures. The previous version 22 (V22)operational algorithm considered only the AOD that minimized the cost function for each aerosol mixture and then used a combination ofthese values to compute the final, “best estimate” AOD and associated uncertainty. The new approach considers the entire range ofcost functions associated with each aerosol mixture. The uncertainty of the reported AOD depends on a combination of (a) the absolutevalues of the cost functions for each aerosol mixture, (b) the widths of the cost function distributions as a function of AOD, and(c) the spread of the cost function distributions among the ensemble of mixtures. A key benefit of the new approach is that, unlikethe V22 algorithm, it does not rely on empirical thresholds imposed on the cost function to determine the success or failure ofa particular mixture. Furthermore, a new aerosol retrieval confidence index (ARCI) is established that can be used to screen high-AODretrieval blunders caused by cloud contamination or other factors. Requiring ARCI  ≥0.15 as a condition for retrieval success issupported through statistical analysis and outperforms the thresholds used in the V22 algorithm. The described changes to the MISRdark water algorithm will become operational in the new MISR aerosol product (V23), planned for release in 2017.

New approach to the retrieval of AOD and its uncertainty from MISR observations over dark water