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. This paper presents a weighted least squares approach to retrieveaerosol layer height from top-of-atmosphere reflectance measurementsin the oxygen A band (758–770  nm ) over brightsurfaces. A property of the measurement error covariance matrix isdiscussed, due to which photons travelling from the surface are givena higher preference over photons that scatter back from the aerosollayer. This is a potential source of biases in the estimation ofaerosol properties over land, which can be mitigated by revisitingthe design of the measurement error covariance matrix. Thealternative proposed in this paper, which we call the dynamicscaling method, introduces a scene-dependent andwavelength-dependent modification in the measurement signal-to-noiseratio in order to influence this matrix. This method is generallyapplicable to other retrieval algorithms using weighted leastsquares. To test this method, synthetic experiments are done inaddition to application to GOME-2A and GOME-2B measurements of theoxygen A band over the August 2010 Russian wildfires and theOctober 2017 Portugal wildfire plume over western Europe.

atmospheric measurement techniques

A weighted least squares approach to retrieve aerosol layer height over bright surfaces applied to GOME-2 measurements of the oxygen A band for forest fire cases over Europe