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. Light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) deposited in snow have thepotential to substantially affect the snow radiation budget, with subsequentimplications for snow melt. To more accurately quantify the snow albedo, thecontribution from different LAIs needs to be assessed. Here we estimate themain LAI components, elemental carbon (EC) (as a proxy for black carbon) andmineral dust in snow from the Indian Himalayas and paired the results with snowsamples from Arctic Finland. The impurities are collected onto quartz filtersand are analyzed thermal–optically for EC, as well as with an additionaloptical measurement to estimate the light-absorption of dust separately onthe filters. Laboratory tests were conducted using substrates containing sootand mineral particles, especially prepared to test the experimental setup.Analyzed ambient snow samples show EC concentrations that are in the samerange as presented by previous research, for each respective region. In termsof the mass absorption cross section (MAC) our ambient EC surprisingly hadabout half of the MAC value compared to our laboratory standard EC (chimneysoot), suggesting a less light absorptive EC in the snow, which hasconsequences for the snow albedo reduction caused by EC. In the Himalayansamples, larger contributions by dust (in the range of 50 % or greater forthe light absorption caused by the LAI) highlighted the importance of dustacting as a light absorber in the snow. Moreover, EC concentrations in theIndian samples, acquired from a 120 cm deep snow pit (possibly covering thelast five years of snow fall), suggest an increase in both EC and dustdeposition. This work emphasizes the complexity in determining the snowalbedo, showing that LAI concentrations alone might not be sufficient, butadditional transient effects on the light-absorbing properties of the EC needto be considered and studied in the snow. Equally as imperative is theconfirmation ofthe spatial and temporal representativeness of these data by comparing datafrom several and deeper pits explored at the same time.

Light-absorption of dust and elemental carbon in snow in the Indian Himalayas and the Finnish Arctic