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Observations of turbulence in the planetary boundary layer arecritical for developing and evaluating boundary layer parameterizations inmesoscale numerical weather prediction models. These observations, however,are expensive and rarely profile the entire boundary layer. Using optimizedconfigurations for 449 and 915 MHz wind profiling radars during theeXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment (XPIA),improvements have been made to the historical methods of measuring verticalvelocity variance through the time series of vertical velocity, as well asthe Doppler spectral width. Using six heights of sonic anemometers mounted ona 300 m tower, correlations of up to R2 = 0. 74 are seen in measurements ofthe large-scale variances from the radar time series and R2 = 0. 79 inmeasurements of small-scale variance from radar spectral widths. The totalvariance, measured as the sum of the small and large scales, agrees well withsonic anemometers, with R2 = 0. 79. Correlation is higher in daytimeconvective boundary layers than nighttime stable conditions when turbulencelevels are smaller. With the good agreement with the in situmeasurements, highly resolved profiles up to 2 km can be accurately observedfrom the 449 MHz radar and 1 km from the 915 MHz radar. This optimizedconfiguration will provide unique observations for the verification andimprovement to boundary layer parameterizations in mesoscale models

A comparison of vertical velocity variance measurements from wind profiling radars and sonic anemometers