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A 1-year inter-comparison of classical and modern radiation and sunshineduration (SD) instruments has been performed at Izaña AtmosphericObservatory (IZO) located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) starting on17 July 2014. We compare daily global solar radiation (GSRH) recordsmeasured with a Kipp & Zonen CM-21 pyranometer, taken in the framework ofthe Baseline Surface Radiation Network, with those measured with amultifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR), a bimetallic pyranometer(PYR) and GSRH estimated from sunshine duration performed by aCampbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CS) and a Kipp & Zonen sunshineduration sensor (CSD). Given that the BSRN GSRH records passed strictquality controls (based on principles of physical limits and comparison withthe LibRadtran model), they have been used as reference in theinter-comparison study. We obtain an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of ∼  0.9 MJm−2 (4 %) for PYR and MFRSR GSRH, 1.9(7 %) and 1.2 MJm−2 (5 %) for CS and CSD GSRH, respectively.Factors such as temperature, relative humidity (RH) and the solar zenithangle (SZA) have been shown to moderately affect the GSRH observations. Asan application of the methodology developed in this work, we havere-evaluated the GSRH data time series obtained at IZO with two PYRsbetween 1977 and 1991. Their high consistency and temporal stability havebeen proved by comparing with GSRH estimates obtained from SDobservations. These results demonstrate that (1) the continuous-basisinter-comparison of different GSRH techniques offers importantdiagnostics for identifying inconsistencies between GSRH data records,and (2) the GSRH measurements performed with classical and more simpleinstruments are consistent with more modern techniques and, thus, valid torecover GSRH data time series and complete worldwide distributedGSRH data. The inter-comparison and quality assessment of thesedifferent techniques have allowed us to obtain a complete and consistentlong-term global solar radiation series (1977–2015) at Izaña

Compatibility of different measurement techniques of global solar radiation and application for long-term observations at Izaña Observatory