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Surface skin temperature (Ts) is an important parameter forcharacterizing the energy exchange at the ground/water–atmosphere interface.The Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS)employs a single-channel thermal-infrared (TIR) method to retrieve Tsover clear-sky land and ocean surfaces from data taken by geostationary Earthorbit (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite imagers. GEO satellites canprovide somewhat continuous estimates of Ts over the diurnal cycle innon-polar regions, while polar Ts retrievals from LEO imagers, such asthe Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), can complement the GEOmeasurements. The combined global coverage of remotely sensed Ts, alongwith accompanying cloud and surface radiation parameters, produced in near-realtime and from historical satellite data, should be beneficial for bothweather and climate applications. For example, near-realtime hourly Tsobservations can be assimilated in high-temporal-resolution numerical weatherprediction models and historical observations can be used for validation orassimilation of climate models. Key drawbacks to the utility of TIR-derivedTs data include the limitation to clear-sky conditions, the reliance ona particular set of analyses/reanalyses necessary for atmosphericcorrections, and the dependence on viewing and illumination angles.Therefore, Ts validation with established references is essential, as isproper evaluation of Ts sensitivity to atmospheric correction source. This article presents improvements on the NASA Langley GEO satellite andAVHRR TIR-based Ts product that is derived using a single-channeltechnique. The resulting clear-sky skin temperature values are validated withsurface references and independent satellite products. Furthermore, anempirically adjusted theoretical model of satellite land surface temperature(LST) angular anisotropy is tested to improve satellite LST retrievals.Application of the anisotropic correction yields reduced mean bias andimproved precision of GOES-13 LST relative to independent Moderate-resolutionImaging Spectroradiometer (MYD11_L2) LST and AtmosphericRadiation Measurement Program ground station measurements. It alsosignificantly reduces inter-satellite differences between LSTs retrievedsimultaneously from two different imagers. The implementation of theseuniversal corrections into the SatCORPS product can yield significantimprovement in near-global-scale, near-realtime, satellite-based LSTmeasurements. The immediate availability and broad coverage of these skintemperature observations should prove valuable to modelers and climateresearchers looking for improved forecasts and better understanding of theglobal climate model

Global clear-sky surface skin temperature from multiple satellites using a single-channel algorithm with angular anisotropy corrections