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Microphysical andradiation measurements were collected with the novel AIRcraft TOwed SensorShuttle (AIRTOSS) – Learjet tandem platform. The platform is a combinationof an instrumented Learjet 35A research aircraft and an aerodynamic bird,which is detached from and retracted back to the aircraft during flight via asteel wire with a length of 4000 m. Both platforms are equipped withradiative, cloud microphysical, trace gas, and meteorological instruments.The purpose of the development of this tandem set-up is to study theinhomogeneity of cirrus as well as other stratiform clouds. Sophisticatednumerical flow simulations were conducted in order to optimally integrate anaxially asymmetric Cloud Combination Probe (CCP) inside AIRTOSS. The tandemplatform was applied during measurements at altitudes up to36 000 ft (10 970 m) in the framework of the AIRTOSS –Inhomogeneous Cirrus Experiment (AIRTOSS-ICE). Ten flights were performedabove the North Sea and Baltic Sea to probe frontal and in situ formedcirrus, as well as anvil outflow cirrus. For one flight, cirrus microphysicaland radiative properties displayed significant inhomogeneities resolved byboth measurement platforms. The CCP data show that the maximum of theobserved particle number size distributions shifts with decreasing altitudefrom 30 to 300 µm, which is typical for frontal, midlatitudecirrus. Theoretical considerations imply that cloud particle aggregationinside the studied cirrus is very unlikely. Consequently, diffusional growthwas identified to be the dominant microphysical growth process. Measurementsof solar downward and upward irradiances at 670 nm wavelength were conductedabove, below, and in the cirrus on both the Learjet and AIRTOSS. The observedvariability of the downward irradiance below the cirrus reflects thehorizontal heterogeneity of the observed thin cirrus. Vertically resolvedsolar heating rates were derived by either using single-platform measurementsat different altitudes or by making use of the collocated irradiancemeasurements at different altitudes of the tandem platform. Due tounavoidable biases of the measurements between the individual flight legs,the single-platform approach failed to provide a realistic solar heating rateprofile, while the uncertainties of the tandem approach are reduced. Here,the solar heating rates range up to 6 K day<sup>−1</sup> at top of thecirrus layer

A tandem approach for collocated measurements of microphysical and radiative cirrus properties