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Cavity ring-down spectrometers have generally beendesigned to operate under conditions in which the background gas has aconstant composition. However, there are a number of observational andexperimental situations of interest in which the background gas has avariable composition. In this study, we examine the effect of background gascomposition on a cavity ring-down spectrometer that measures δ18O–H2O and δ2H–H2O values based on theamplitude of water isotopologue absorption features around 7184 cm−1(L2120-i, Picarro, Inc.). For background mixtures balanced with N2, theapparent δ18O values deviate from true values by −0.50 ± 0.001 ‰ O2 %−1 and−0.57 ± 0.001 ‰ Ar %−1, and apparent δ2Hvalues deviate from true values by 0.26 ± 0.004 ‰ O2 %−1 and 0.42 ± 0.004 ‰ Ar %−1. The artifacts are the result of broadening, narrowing, andshifting of both the target absorption lines and strong neighboring lines.While the background-induced isotopic artifacts can largely be correctedwith simple empirical or semi-mechanistic models, neither type of model iscapable of completely correcting the isotopic artifacts to within theinherent instrument precision. The development of strategies for dynamicallydetecting and accommodating background variation in N2, O2, and/orAr would facilitate the application of cavity ring-down spectrometers to anew class of observations and experiments

atmospheric measurement techniques

Effects of variation in background mixing ratios of N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, and Ar on the measurement of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;δ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;O–H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;δ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H–H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O values by cavity ring-down spectroscopy