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This work is a first approach to correct the systematic errors\udobserved in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved at nighttime using\udlunar photometry and calibration techniques dependent on the lunar irradiance\udmodel. To this end, nocturnal AOD measurements were performed in 2014 using\udthe CE318-T master Sun–sky–lunar photometer (lunar Langley calibrated) at\udthe Izaña high mountain observatory. This information has been restricted to 59\udnights characterized as clean and stable according to lidar vertical\udprofiles. A phase angle dependence as well as an asymmetry within the Moon's\udcycle of the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) model could be deduced from the comparison in this\ud59-night period of the CE318-T calibration performed by means of the\udlunar Langley calibration\udand the calibration performed every single night by means of\udthe common Langley technique. Nocturnal AOD has also been compared in the\udsame period with a reference AOD based on daylight AOD extracted from the\udAErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) at the same station. Considering stable conditions, the\uddifference ΔAOD<sub>fit</sub>, between AOD from lunar observations\udand the linearly interpolated AOD (the reference) from daylight data, has\udbeen calculated. The results show that ΔAOD<sub>fit</sub> values are\udstrongly affected by the Moon phase and zenith angles. This dependency has been\udparameterized using an empirical model with two independent variables (Moon\udphase and zenith angles) in order to correct the AOD for these residual\uddependencies. The correction of this parameterized dependency has been\udchecked at four stations with quite different environmental conditions\ud(Izaña, Lille, Carpentras and Dakar) showing a significant reduction of the\udAOD dependence on phase and zenith angles and an improved agreement with\uddaylight reference data. After the correction, absolute AOD differences for\udday–night–day clean and stable transitions remain below 0.01 for all\udwavelengths

Assessment of nocturnal aerosol optical depth from lunar photometry at the Izaña high mountain observatory