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The US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation\udMeasurement (ARM) program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site includes a\udheterogeneous distributed scanning Doppler radar network suitable for\udcollecting coordinated Doppler velocity measurements in deep convective\udclouds. The surrounding National Weather Service (NWS) Next Generation\udWeather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler (NEXRAD WSR-88D) further supplements\udthis network. Radar velocity measurements are assimilated in a\udthree-dimensional variational (3DVAR) algorithm that retrieves horizontal\udand vertical air motions over a large analysis domain (100 km  ×  100 km) at storm-scale resolutions (250 m). For the first time, direct\udevaluation of retrieved vertical air velocities with those from collocated\ud915 MHz radar wind profilers is performed. Mean absolute and\udroot-mean-square differences between the two sources are of the order of 1 and 2 m s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and time–height correlations are of\udthe order of 0.5. An empirical sensitivity analysis is done to determine a\udrange of 3DVAR constraint weights that adequately satisfy the velocity\udobservations and anelastic mass continuity. It is shown that the vertical\udvelocity spread over this range is of the order of 1 m s<sup>−1</sup>. The 3DVAR\udretrievals are also compared to those obtained from an iterative upwards\udintegration technique. The results suggest that the 3DVAR technique provides\uda robust, stable solution for cases in which integration techniques have\uddifficulty satisfying velocity observations and mass continuity\udsimultaneously

Vertical air motion retrievals in deep convective clouds using the ARM scanning radar network in Oklahoma during MC3E