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To assess the differences between the RS92 radiosonde and its\udimproved counterpart, the Vaisala RS41-SGP radiosonde version with a\udpressure sensor, 36 twin-radiosonde launches were made over the Arctic Ocean,\udBering Sea, western North Pacific Ocean, and the tropical Indian Ocean during\udtwo cruises of R/V <i>Mirai</i> in 2015. The biases, standard\uddeviations, and root mean squares (rms's) of the differences between the RS41\udand RS92 data over all flights and altitudes were smaller than the nominal\udcombined uncertainties of the RS41, except that the rms of the differences of\udpressure above 100 exceeded 0.6 hPa. A comparison between daytime and\udnighttime flights in the tropics revealed that the pressure difference was\udsystematically larger during the day than at night above an altitude of 4.5 km, suggesting that there was some effect of solar heating on the pressure\udmeasurements, but the exact reason is unclear. The agreement between the RS41\udand RS92 temperature measurements was better than the combined uncertainties.\udHowever, there were some noteworthy discrepancies presumably caused by the\ud<q>wet-bulbing</q> effect on the RS92 radiosonde and the stagnation of the\udballoon. Although the median of the relative humidity differences was only a\udlittle more than 2 % of the relative humidity at all altitudes, the\udrelative humidity of the RS92 was much lower than that of the RS41 at\udaltitudes of about 17 km in the tropics. This dry bias might have been caused\udby the incomplete solar radiation correction of the RS92, and a correction\udtable for the daytime RS92 humidity was calculated. This study showed that\udthe RS41 measurements were consistent with the specifications of the\udmanufacturer in most cases over both the tropical and polar oceans. However,\udfurther studies on the causes of the discrepancies are needed

Comparison of Vaisala radiosondes RS41 and RS92 launched over the oceans from the Arctic to the tropics