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Within the framework of the World Meteorological Organization SolidPrecipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE), the Thies tippingbucket precipitation gauge was assessed against the SPICE referenceconfiguration at the Formigal–Sarrios test site located in the Pyreneesmountain range of Spain. The Thies gauge is the most widely usedprecipitation gauge by the Spanish Meteorological State Agency (AEMET) forthe measurement of all precipitation types including snow. It is thereforecritical that its performance is characterized. The first objective of thisstudy is to derive transfer functions based on the relationships betweencatch ratio and wind speed and temperature. Multiple linear regression wasapplied to 1  and 3 h accumulation periods, confirming that wind is themost dominant environmental variable affecting the gauge catch efficiency,especially during snowfall events. At wind speeds of 1.5 m s<sup>−1</sup> thetipping bucket recorded only 70 % of the reference precipitation. At 3 m s<sup>−1</sup>, the amount of measured precipitation decreased to 50 % of thereference, was even lower for temperatures colder than −2 °C and decreased to 20 % or less for higher wind speeds.  The implications of precipitation underestimation for areas in northernSpain are discussed within the context of the present analysis, by applyingthe transfer function developed at the Formigal–Sarrios and using results fromprevious studies

Assessment of snowfall accumulation underestimation by tipping bucket gauges in the Spanish operational network