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. The combination of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis technologies could be anovel energy-biochar production system to maximize energy and nutrientrecovery from pulp and paper mill sludge. Herein, the life-cycle energyproduction and emissions reduction of sludge treatment from a typical pulpand paper mill were investigated, in which alternative uses of biogas forindustrial or household application, in different regions of the world, wereassessed. The three scenarios considered for different end-uses of biogasare: (A) biogas for vehicle fuel in the transportation sector in Sweden, (B) biogas for heat and electricity in the power sector in Brazil, and (C) biogas for cooking in households in China. The results of EnvironmentalLife-Cycle Assessment (E-LCA) show that for all these three scenarios, theuse of biogas and pyrolysis gas contributes most to emissions mitigation,while the dewatering and drying processes carried out on the sludge,contribute the most to the environmental emissions. Addition of biochar tothe soil, contributes significantly to a reduction in global warming bysequestering carbon in the soil. Compared to scenarios B and C, Scenario A,in which biogas substitutes gasoline in transportation, and heat fromcombusted pyrolysis gases is used for district heating in Sweden,demonstrates the highest environmental performance for all the evaluatedimpact categories.

Life cycle assessment of combination of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis: focusing on different options for biogas use