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. Between 2004 and 2017 the storage of CO2 in a deepsaline aquifer was investigated in detail at the Ketzin pilot site close toBerlin. The series of research projects, coordinated by the GFZ GermanResearch Centre for Geosciences, also incorporated an interdisciplinaryscientific monitoring program during all phases of the storage process whichprovided a reliable insight into the overall behaviour of CO2 duringstorage in the underground. Prior to abandonment and cementing of the Ktzi 203 observation well, twoside tracks were cored from 643.1 to 662.6 m and from 624.5 to 654.5 m,respectively. The drilled sections included the transition zone from the caprock (Weser Formation) to the reservoir in the Stuttgart Formation which hadbeen exposed to the injected CO2 for more than nine years. During thedrilling operation continuous mud gas logging was performed by applying amud gas separator, a mass spectrometer and a CO2 isotope-analyser forcontinuous separation and analyses of the extracted gas. Drill cores wereshrink-wrapped with plastic foil to collect discharging gases. CO2 concentrations in the cap rock were relatively low and theirisotopic compositions were in accord with typical Upper Triassic formationfluids providing no evidence for a significant CO2 infiltration fromthe underlying reservoir into the cap rock. A clear increase in the CO2 concentration and a shift in δ 13 C CO 2 between the cap rockand the reservoir indicated the presence of the injected CO2 in thesandstone formation. The comparison with samples collected five yearsearlier in 2012 showed similar concentrations and isotopic depth trendswhich indicate a rather stagnant CO2 plume at depth and the tightnessand integrity of the cap rock and the borehole cementing.

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Monitoring of the gas composition and stable carbon isotopes during side track drilling in Ktzi 203 at the Ketzin CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; storage pilot site, Germany