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Large ice hydrometeors are usually present in intense convective clouds andmay significantly affect the upwelling radiances that are measured bysatellite-borne microwave radiometers – especially, atmillimeter-wavelength frequencies. Thus, interpretation of thesemeasurements (e.g., for precipitation retrieval) requires knowledge of thesingle scattering properties of ice particles. On the other hand, shape andinternal structure of these particles (especially, the larger ones) is verycomplex and variable, and therefore it is necessary to resort to simplifyingassumptions in order to compute their single-scattering parameters.  In this study, we use the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) to compute theabsorption and scattering efficiencies and the asymmetry factor of two kindsof quasi-spherical and non-homogeneous soft-ice particles in the frequencyrange 50–183 GHz. Particles of the first kind are modeled asquasi-spherical ice particles having randomly distributed spherical airinclusions. Particles of the second kind are modeled as random aggregates ofice spheres having random radii. In both cases, particle densities anddimensions are coherent with the snow hydrometeor category that is utilizedby the University of Wisconsin – Non-hydrostatic Modeling System (UW-NMS)cloud-mesoscale model. Then, we compare our single-scattering results forrandomly-oriented soft-ice hydrometeors with corresponding ones that makeuse of: a) effective-medium equivalent spheres, b) solid-ice equivalentspheres, and c) randomly-oriented aggregates of ice cylinders. Finally, weextend to our particles the scattering formulas that have been developed byother authors for randomly-oriented aggregates of ice cylinders

Microwave single-scattering properties of randomly oriented soft-ice hydrometeors