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Aerosols suspended in the atmosphere interact with solar radiation andclouds, thus change the radiation energy fluxes in the atmospheric column.In this paper we measure changes in the atmospheric temperature profile as afunction of the smoke loading and the cloudiness, over the Amazon basin,during the dry seasons (August and September) of 2005–2008. We show that asthe aerosol optical depth (AOD) increases from 0.02 to a value of ~0.6,there is a decrease of ~4°C at 1000 hPa, and an increase of~1.5°C at 850 hPa. The warming of the aerosol layer at 850 hPa islikely due to aerosol absorption when the particles are exposed to directillumination by the sun. The large values of cooling in the lower layerscould be explained by a combination of aerosol extinction of the solar fluxin the layers aloft together with an aerosol-induced increase of cloud coverwhich shade the lower atmosphere. We estimate that the increase in cloudfraction due to aerosol contributes about half of the observed cooling inthe lower layers

Direct measurements of the effect of biomass burning over the Amazon on the atmospheric temperature profile