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Forest fires in Alaska and western Canada representimportant sources of aerosols and trace gases in North America. Among thelargest uncertainties when modeling forest fire effects are the timing andinjection height of biomass burning emissions. Here we simulate CO andaerosols over North America during the 2004 fire season, using the GEOS-Chemchemical transport model. We apply different temporal distributions andinjection height profiles to the biomass burning emissions, and comparemodel results with satellite-, aircraft-, and ground-based measurements. Wefind that averaged over the fire season, the use of finer temporal resolvedbiomass burning emissions usually decreases CO and aerosol concentrationsnear the fire source region, and often enhances long-range transport. Amongthe individual temporal constraints, switching from monthly to 8-day timeintervals for emissions has the largest effect on CO and aerosoldistributions, and shows better agreement with measured day-to-dayvariability. Injection height substantially modifies the surfaceconcentrations and vertical profiles of pollutants near the source region.Compared with CO, the simulation of black carbon aerosol is more sensitiveto the temporal and injection height distribution of emissions. The use ofMISR-derived injection heights improves agreement with surface aerosolmeasurements near the fire source. Our results indicate that thediscrepancies between model simulations and MOPITT CO measurements near theHudson Bay can not be attributed solely to the representation of injectionheight within the model. Frequent occurrence of strong convection in NorthAmerica during summer tends to limit the influence of injection heightparameterizations of fire emissions in Alaska and western Canada withrespect to CO and aerosol distributions over eastern North America

The sensitivity of CO and aerosol transport to the temporal and vertical distribution of North American boreal fire emissions