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We present an assessment of the plane-parallel bias of the shortwave cloudradiative forcing (SWCRF) of liquid and ice clouds at 1 deg scales usingglobal MODIS (Terra and Aqua) cloud optical property retrievals for fourmonths of the year 2005 representative of the meteorological seasons. The(negative) bias is estimated as the difference of SWCRF calculated using thePlane-Parallel Homogeneous (PPH) approximation and the Independent ColumnApproximation (ICA). PPH calculations use MODIS-derived gridpoint meanswhile ICA calculations use distributions of cloud optical thickness andeffective radius. Assisted by a broadband solar radiative transferalgorithm, we find that the absolute value of global SWCRF bias of liquidclouds at the top of the atmosphere is about 6 W m−2 for MODIS overpasstimes while the SWCRF bias for ice clouds is smaller in absolute terms byabout 0.7 W m−2, but with stronger spatial variability. If effectiveradius variability is neglected and only optical thickness horizontalvariations are accounted for, the absolute SWCRF biases increase by about0.3–0.4 W m−2 on average. Marine clouds of both phases exhibit greater(more negative) SWCRF biases than continental clouds. Finally, morning(Terra)–afternoon (Aqua) differences in SWCRF bias are much more pronouncedfor ice clouds, up to about 15% (Aqua producing stronger negative bias)on global scales, with virtually all contribution to the difference comingfrom land areas. The substantial magnitude of the global SWCRF bias, whichfor clouds of both phases is collectively about 4 W m−2 for diurnalaverages, should be considered a strong motivation for global climatemodelers to accelerate efforts linking cloud schemes capable of subgridcondensate variability with appropriate radiative transfer schemes

The shortwave radiative forcing bias of liquid and ice clouds from MODIS observations