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The quantification of tropospheric O3 production in the downwind of theMexico City plume is a major objective of the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign. Weused a regional chemistry-transport model (WRF-Chem) to predict thedistribution of O3 and its precursors in Mexico City and thesurrounding region during March 2006, and compared the model with in-situaircraft measurements of O3, CO, VOCs, NOx, and NOyconcentrations. The comparison shows that the model is capable of capturingthe timing and location of the measured city plumes, and the calculatedvariability along the flights is generally consistent with the measuredresults, showing a rapid increase in O3 and its precursors when cityplumes are detected. However, there are some notable differences between thecalculated and measured values, suggesting that, during transport from thesurface of the city to the outflow plume, ozone mixing ratios areunderestimated by about 0–25% during different flights. The calculatedO3-NOx, O3-CO, and O3-NOz correlations generallyagree with the measured values, and the analyses of these correlationssuggest that photochemical O3 production continues in the plumedownwind of the city (aged plume), adding to the O3 already produced inthe city and exported with the plume. The model is also used to quantify thecontributions to OH reactivity from various compounds in the aged plume.This analysis suggests that oxygenated organics (OVOCs) have the highest OHreactivity and play important roles for the O3 production in the agingplume. Furthermore, O3 production per NOx molecule consumed(O3 production efficiency) is more efficient in the aged plume than inthe young plume near the city. The major contributor to the high O3production efficiency in the aged plume is the reaction RO2+NO. Bycontrast, the reaction of HO2+NO is rather uniformly distributed in theplume

Simulation of Mexico City plumes during the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign using the WRF-Chem model