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During the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) in the summer of 2004,airborne measurements were made of the major inorganic ions and thewater-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of the submicron (PM<sub>1.0</sub>) aerosol.These and ancillary data are used to describe the overall aerosol chemicalcharacteristics encountered during the study. Fine particle mass wasestimated from particle volume and a calculated density based on measuredparticle composition. Fine particle organic matter (OM) was estimated fromWSOC and a mass balance analysis. The aerosol over the northeastern UnitedStates (U.S.) and Canada was predominantly sulfate and associated ammonium,and organic components, although in unique plumes additional ioniccomponents were also periodically above detection limits. In powergeneration regions, and especially in the Ohio River Valley region, theaerosol tended to be predominantly sulfate (~60% μg μg<sup>−1</sup>) and apparently acidic, based on an excess of measured anionscompared to cations. In all other regions where sulfate concentrations werelower and a smaller fraction of overall mass, the cations and anions werebalanced suggesting a more neutral aerosol. In contrast, the WSOC andestimated OM were more spatially uniform and the fraction of OM relative toPM mass was largely influenced by sources of sulfate. The study median OMmass fraction was 40%. Throughout the study region, sulfate and organicaerosol mass were highest near the surface and decreased rapidly withincreasing altitude. The relative fraction of organic mass to sulfate wassimilar throughout all altitudes within the boundary layer (altitude lessthan 2.5 km), but was significantly higher at altitude layers in the freetroposphere (above 2.5 km). A number of distinct biomass burning plumes fromfires in Alaska and the Yukon were periodically intercepted, mostly ataltitudes between 3 and 4 km. These plumes were associated with highestaerosol concentrations of the study and were largely comprised of organicaerosol components (~60%)

Fine aerosol bulk composition measured on WP-3D research aircraft in vicinity of the Northeastern United States – results from NEAQS