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The probability density on a height-meridional plane of negative refractiveindex squared f(nk2<0) is introduced as a new analysis tool toinvestigate the climatology of the propagation conditions of stationaryplanetary waves based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for 44 NorthernHemisphere boreal winters (1958–2002). This analysis addresses the controlof the atmospheric state on planetary wave propagation. It is found that notonly the variability of atmospheric stability with altitudes, but also thevariability with latitudes has significant influence on planetary wavepropagation. Eliassen-Palm flux and divergence are also analyzed toinvestigate the eddy activities and forcing on zonal mean flow. Only theultra-long planetary waves with zonal wave number 1, 2 and 3 areinvestigated. In Northern Hemisphere winter the atmosphere shows a largepossibility for stationary planetary waves to propagate from the troposphereto the stratosphere. On the other hand, waves induce eddy momentum flux inthe subtropical troposphere and eddy heat flux in the subpolar stratosphere.Waves also exert eddy momentum forcing on the mean flow in the troposphereand stratosphere at middle and high latitudes. A similar analysis is alsoperformed for stratospheric strong and weak polar vortex regimes,respectively. Anomalies of stratospheric circulation affect planetary wavepropagation and waves also play an important role in constructing andmaintaining of interannual variations of stratospheric circulation

Stationary planetary wave propagation in Northern Hemisphere winter – climatological analysis of the refractive index