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Recent research on snowpack processes andatmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physicalinteractions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have asubstantial impact on the composition of the lower troposphere. Theseobservations also imply that ozone deposition to the snowpack possiblydepends on parameters including the quantity and composition of depositedtrace gases, solar irradiance, snow temperature and the substrate below thesnowpack. Current literature spans a remarkably wide range of ozonedeposition velocities (vdO3); several studies even reported positiveozone fluxes out of the snow. Overall, published values range from ~–3<vdO3<2 cm s−1,although most data are within 0<vdO3<0.2 cm s−1. This literature reveals a high uncertainty inthe parameterization and the magnitude of ozone fluxes into (and possiblyout of) snow-covered landscapes. In this study a chemistry and tracertransport model was applied to evaluate the applicability of the publishedvdO3 and to investigate the sensitivity of tropospheric ozone towardsozone deposition over Northern Hemisphere snow-covered land and sea-ice.Model calculations using increasing vdO3 of 0.0, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 cm s−1resulted in general ozone sensitivities up to 20–30% in theArctic surface layer, and of up to 130% local increases in selectedNorthern Latitude regions. The simulated ozone concentrations were comparedwith mean January ozone observations from 18 Arctic stations. Best agreementbetween the model and observations, not only in terms of absoluteconcentrations but also in the hourly ozone variability, was found byapplying an ozone deposition velocity in the range of 0.00–0.01 cm s−1,which is smaller than most literature data and also significantly lowercompared to the value of 0.05 cm s−1 that is commonly applied inlarge-scale atmospheric chemistry models. This sensitivity analysisdemonstrates that large errors in the description of the wintertimetropospheric ozone budget stem from the uncertain magnitude of ozonedeposition rates and the inability to properly parameterize ozone fluxes tosnow-covered landscapes

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis