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Airborne in situ measurements over the eastern Pacific Ocean in January 2004have revealed a new category of nitric acid (HNO3)-containing particlesin the tropical lower stratosphere. These particles are most likely composedof nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). They were intermittently observed in anarrow layer above the tropopause (18±0.1 km) and over a broadgeographic extent (>1100 km). In contrast to the background liquid sulfateaerosol, these particles are solid, much larger (1.7-4.7 µm vs. 0.1µmin diameter), and significantly less abundant (<10-4 cm-3 vs. 10 cm-3). Microphysical trajectory models suggest thatthe NAT particles grow over a 6-14 day period in supersaturated air thatremains close to the tropical tropopause and might be a common feature inthe tropics. The small number density of these particles implies a highlyselective or slow nucleation process. Understanding the formation of solidNAT particles in the tropics could improve our understanding ofstratospheric nucleation processes and, therefore, dehydration anddenitrification

The observation of nitric acid-containing particles in the tropical lower stratosphere