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The new Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) describes atmospheric  chemistry and meteorological processes in a modular framework, following  strict coding standards. It has been coupled to the ECHAM5 general  circulation model, which has been slightly modified for this purpose. A  90-layer model setup up to 0.01 hPa was used at spectral T42  resolution to simulate the lower and middle atmosphere.  With the high vertical resolution the model simulates the  Quasi-Biennial Oscillation.  The model  meteorology has been tested to check the influence of the changes to ECHAM5  and the radiation interactions with the new representation of atmospheric  composition.  In the simulations presented here a Newtonian relaxation  technique was applied in the tropospheric part of the domain to weakly nudge  the model towards the analysed meteorology during the period 1998–2005.  This allows an efficient and direct evaluation with satellite and in-situ  data.  It is shown that the tropospheric wave forcing of the stratosphere in  the model suffices to reproduce major stratospheric warming events  leading e.g. to the vortex split over  Antarctica in 2002.  Characteristic features such as dehydration and  denitrification caused by the sedimentation of polar stratospheric cloud  particles and ozone depletion during winter and spring are simulated well,  although ozone loss in the lower polar stratosphere is slightly  underestimated. The model realistically simulates stratosphere-troposphere  exchange processes as indicated by comparisons with satellite and in situ  measurements. The evaluation of tropospheric chemistry presented here  focuses on the distributions of ozone, hydroxyl radicals, carbon monoxide  and reactive nitrogen compounds. In spite of minor shortcomings, mostly  related to the relatively coarse T42 resolution and the neglect of  inter-annual changes in biomass burning emissions, the main characteristics  of the trace gas distributions are generally reproduced well.  The MESSy  submodels and the ECHAM5/MESSy1 model output are available through the  internet on request

The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1: consistent simulation of ozone from the surface to the mesosphere