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Aerosol chemical composition was measured over the Atlantic Ocean inNovember–December 1999 and at the Finnish Antarctic research station Aboa inJanuary 2000. The concentrations of all anthropogenic aerosol compoundsdecreased clearly from north to south. An anthropogenic influence was stillevident in the middle of the tropical South Atlantic, background values werereached south of Cape Town. Chemical mass apportionment was calculated forhigh volume filter samples (Dp<3 μm). North of the equator70–80% of the aerosol consisted of non-sea-salt species. Thecontribution of sea salt was ~25% in the polluted latitudes,>80% in the Southern Ocean, and <10% at Aboa. The contribution oforganic carbon was >10% in most samples, also at Aboa. The correlationof biomass-burning-related aerosol components with 210Pb was very highcompared with that between nss calcium and 210Pb which suggests that210Pb is a better tracer for biomass burning than for Saharan dust. Theratio of the two clear tracers for biomass burning, nss potassium andoxalate, was different in European and in African samples, suggesting thatthis ratio could be used as an indicator of biomass burning type. Theconcentrations of continent-related particles decreased exponentially withthe distance from Africa. The shortest half-value distance, ~100 km,was for nss calcium. The half-value distance of particles that are mainly inthe submicron particles was ~700±200 km. The MSA to nss sulfateratio, R, increased faster than MSA concentration with decreasinganthropogenic influence, indicating that the R increase could largely beexplained by the decrease of anthropogenic sulfate

Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site