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. A remote sensing method, based on fluorescence lidar measurements, that allows us to detect and to quantify the smoke content in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is presented. The unique point of this approach isthat smoke and cirrus properties are observed in the same air volumesimultaneously. In this article, we provide results of fluorescence andmultiwavelength Mie–Raman lidar measurements performed at ATOLL (ATmospheric Observationat liLLe) observatoryfrom Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, University of Lille, duringstrong smoke episodes in the summer and autumn seasons of 2020. The aerosolfluorescence was induced by 355 nm laser radiation, and the fluorescencebackscattering was measured in a single spectral channel, centered at 466 nm and having 44 nm width. To estimate smoke particle properties, such as number, surface area and volume concentration, the conversion factors, which link the fluorescence backscattering and the smoke microphysical properties,are derived from the synergy of multiwavelength Mie–Raman and fluorescencelidar observations. Based on two case studies, we demonstrate that thefluorescence lidar technique provides the possibility to estimate the smokesurface area concentration within freshly formed cirrus layers. This valuewas used in the smoke icenucleating particle (INP) parameterization scheme to predict ice crystal numberconcentrations in cirrus generation cells.

Fluorescence lidar observations of wildfire smoke inside cirrus: a contribution to smoke–cirrus interaction research