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. Aerosol hygroscopicity strongly influences the numbersize distribution, phase state, optical properties, and multiphasechemistry of aerosol particles. Due to the large number of organic species inatmospheric aerosols, the determination of the hygroscopicity of ambientaerosols remains challenging. In this study, we measured the hygroscopicproperties of 23 organics, including carboxylic acids, amino acids, sugars,and alcohols, using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer(HTDMA). Earlier studies have characterized the hygroscopicity either for alimited number of organic compounds using similar techniques or forparticles at sizes beyond the microscale range or even bulk samples usingother methodologies. Here, we validate these studies and extend the data bymeasuring the hygroscopicity of a broader suite of organics for particleswith sizes under the submicrometer range that are more atmospherically relevant.Moreover, we systematically evaluate the roles of that related physicochemicalproperties play in organic hygroscopicity. We show that the hygroscopicityof organics varies widely with functional groups and organics with the samecarbon number but that more functional groups show higher hygroscopicity.However, some isomers that are very similar in molecular structure showquite different hygroscopicity, demonstrating that other physicochemicalproperties, such as water solubility, may contribute to their hygroscopicityas well. If the organics are fully dissolved in water (solubility&gt;7×10-1 g mL−1), we found that their hygroscopicityis mainly controlled by their molecular weight. For the organics that arenot fully dissolved in water (slightly soluble: 5×10-4 g mL−1&lt; solubility &lt; 7×10-1 g mL−1), we observed thatsome of them show no obvious water uptake, which is probably due to the fact that theymay not deliquesce under our studied conditions up to 90 % relative humidity (RH). The othertype of slightly soluble organic material is moderately hygroscopic, and the largerits solubility is, the higher its hygroscopicity will be. Moreover, thehygroscopicity of organics generally increased with O:C ratios, althoughthis relationship is not linear.

Hygroscopicity of organic compounds as a function of organic functionality, water solubility, molecular weight, and oxidation level