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. We present an updated version of the Global Fuel ExploitationInventory (GFEI) for methane emissions and evaluate it with results fromglobal inversions of atmospheric methane observations from satellite (GOSAT)and in situ platforms (GLOBALVIEWplus). GFEI allocates methane emissionsfrom oil, gas, and coal sectors and subsectors to a 0.1∘ × 0.1∘ grid by using the national emissions reported by individualcountries to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and mapping them to infrastructure locations. Our updated GFEI v2gives annual emissions for 2010–2019 that incorporate the most recent UNFCCCnational reports, new oil–gas well locations, and improved spatialdistribution of emissions for Canada, Mexico, and China. Russia's oil–gasemissions in its latest UNFCCC report (4.1 Tg a−1 for 2019) decrease by83 % compared to its previous report while Nigeria's latest reportedoil–gas emissions (3.1 Tg a−1 for 2016) increase 7-fold compared toits previous report, reflecting changes in assumed emission factors. Globalgas emissions in GFEI v2 show little net change from 2010 to 2019 while oilemissions decrease and coal emissions slightly increase. Global emissionsfrom the oil, gas, and coal sectors in GFEI v2 (26, 22, and 33 Tg a−1,respectively in 2019) are lower than the EDGAR v6 inventory (32, 44, and 37 Tg a−1 in 2018) and lower than the IEA inventory for oil and gas (38and 43 Tg a−1 in 2019), though there is considerable variability betweeninventories for individual countries. GFEI v2 estimates higher emissions bycountry than the Climate TRACE inventory, with notable exceptions in Russia,the US, and the Middle East where TRACE is up to an order of magnitudehigher than GFEI v2. Inversion results using GFEI as a prior estimateconfirm the lower Russian emissions in the latest UNFCCC report but findthat Nigeria's reported UNFCCC emissions are too high. Oil–gas emissions aregenerally underestimated by the national inventories for the highestemitting countries including the US, Venezuela, Uzbekistan, Canada, andTurkmenistan. Offshore emissions tend to be overestimated. Our updated GFEIv2 provides a platform for future evaluation of national emissioninventories reported to the UNFCCC using the newer generation of satelliteinstruments such as TROPOMI with improved coverage and spatial resolution.This increased observational data density will be especially beneficial inregions where current inversion systems have limited sensitivity includingRussia. Our work responds to recent aspirations of the IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change (IPCC) to integrate top-down and bottom-upinformation into the construction of national emission inventories.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Updated Global Fuel Exploitation Inventory (GFEI) for methane emissions from the oil, gas, and coal sectors: evaluation with inversions of atmospheric methane observations