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. Nanoparticles can absorb water to grow, and this process will affect thelight-scattering behavior, cloud condensation nuclei properties, lifetime,and chemical reactivity of these particles. Current techniques forcalculation of aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) usually restrict the sizeof particles to be within a certain range, which may result in a large uncertaintywhen the particle size is beyond the specified range. Furthermore, currenttechniques are difficult to use to identify the intermolecular interactions ofphase transition micro-dynamics during particles' hygroscopic growth processbecause their limited temporal resolutions are unable to capture complexintermediate states. In this study, the hygroscopic growth properties ofnanoparticles with electrical mobility diameters (Dem) of ∼ 100 nm and their phase transition micro-dynamics at the molecular level arecharacterized in real time by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopic technique. We develop a novel real-time method for ALWCcalculation by reconstructing the absorption spectra of liquid water andrealize real-time measurements of water content and dry nanoparticle massto characterize hygroscopic growth factors (GFs). The calculated GFsare generally in good agreement with the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model(E-AIM) predictions. We also explore the phenomenon that the deliquescencepoints of the ammonium sulfate / sodium nitrate (AS/SN) mixed nanoparticlesand the AS / oxalic acid (AS/OA) mixed nanoparticles are lower than that ofthe pure AS. We further normalize the FTIR spectra of nanoparticles into2D IR spectra and identify in real time the hydration interactions and thedynamic hygroscopic growth process of the functional groups for AS, AS/SN, andAS/OA nanoparticles. The results show that both SN and OA compounds canlower the deliquescence point of AS, but they affect AS differently. The SNcan change but OA cannot change the hydrolysis reaction mechanism of AS during thehygroscopic growth process. Compared with previous studies, we captured morecomplex processes and the intermediate state of the hygroscopic growth ofnanoparticles. This study not only can provide important information withrespect to the difference in the phase transition point under differentconditions but also can improve current understanding of the chemicalinteraction mechanism between nanoparticles (particularly for organicparticles) and the surrounding medium, which is of great significance forinvestigation of haze formation in the atmosphere.

Technical note: Real-time diagnosis of the hygroscopic growth micro-dynamics of nanoparticles with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy