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. Coordinated control of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) and ozone (O3) has become a new and urgent issue forChina's air pollution control. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs)are important precursors of O3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA)formation. China experienced a rapid increase in BVOC emissions as a resultof increased vegetation biomass. We applied WRF-Chem3.8 coupling withMEGAN2.1 to conduct long-term simulations for impacts of BVOC emissions onO3 and SOA during 1981–2018, using the emission factors extrapolatedby localized emission rates and annual vegetation biomass. In summer2018, BVOC emissions were 9.91 Tg (in June), which led to an averageincrease of 8.6 ppb (16.75 % of the total) in daily maximum 8 h (MDA8)O3 concentration and 0.84 µg m−3 (73.15 % of the total) inSOA over China. The highest contribution to O3 is concentrated in theGreat Khingan Mountains, Qinling Mountains, and most southern regions whilein southern areas for SOA. Isoprene has the greatest contribution to O3,while monoterpene has the largest SOA production. BVOC emissions havedistinguished impacts in different regions. The Chengdu–Chongqing (CC) regionhas the highest O3 and SOA generated by BVOCs, whilethe Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region has the lowest. From 1981 to 2018, theinterannual variation of BVOC emissions caused by increasing leaf biomassresulted in O3 concentration increasing by 7.38 % at an average rateof 0.11 ppb yr−1 and SOA increasing by 39.30 % at an average rate of0.008 µg m−3 yr−1. Due to the different changing trends ofleaf biomass by region and vegetation type, O3 and SOA show differentinterannual variations. The Fenwei Plain (FWP), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), andPearl River Delta (PRD) regions have the most rapid O3 increment, whilethe increasing rate of SOA in CC is the highest. BTH has the smallestenhancement in O3 and SOA concentration. This study will help torecognize the impact of historical BVOC emissions on O3 and SOA andfurther provide a reliable scientific basis for the precise prevention andcontrol of air pollution in China.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Enhanced summertime ozone and SOA from biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions due to vegetation biomass variability during 1981–2018 in China