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. This paper is the companion paper of Córdoba-Jaboneroet al. (2021). It deals with the estimation of the long-wave (LW) and netdust direct radiative effect (DRE) during the dust episode that occurredbetween 23 and 30 June 2019 and was paired with a mega-heatwave. The analysisis performed at two European sites where polarized micro-pulse lidars rancontinuously to retrieve the vertical distribution of the dust opticalproperties: Barcelona, Spain, 23–30 June, and Leipzig, Germany, 29–30 June.The radiative effect is computed with the GAME (global atmospheric model) radiative transfer modelseparately for the fine- and coarse-mode dust. The instantaneous and dailyradiative effect and radiative efficiency (DREff) are provided for thefine-mode, coarse-mode and total dust at the surface, top of the atmosphere(TOA) and in the atmosphere. The fine-mode daily LW DRE is low (&lt; 6 % of the short-wave (SW) component), which makes the coarse-mode LW DRE themain modulator of the total net dust DRE. The coarse-mode LW DRE startsexceeding (in absolute values) the SW component in the middle of the episode,which produces positive coarse-mode net DRE at both the surface and TOA.Such an unusual tendency is attributed to increasing coarse-mode size andsurface temperature throughout the episode. This has the effect of reducing theSW cooling in Barcelona up to the point of reaching total net positive dust DRE(+0.9 W m−2) on one occasion at the surface andquasi-neutral (−0.6 W m−2) at TOA. When adding the LW component, thetotal dust SW radiative efficiency is reduced by a factor of 1.6 at bothsurface (on average over the episode the total dust net DREff is −54.1 W m−2 τ−1) and TOA (−37.3 W m−2 τ−1). Asensitivity study performed on the surface temperature and the airtemperature in the dust layer, both linked to the heatwave and upon whichthe LW DRE strongly depends, shows that the heatwave contributed to reducingthe dust net cooling effect at the surface and that it had nearly no effectat TOA. Its subsequent effect was thus to reduce the heating of theatmosphere produced by the dust particles.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Aerosol radiative impact during the summer 2019 heatwave produced partly by an inter-continental Saharan dust outbreak – Part 2: Long-wave and net dust direct radiative effect