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. This study reveals that haze pollution (HP) over the North China Plain (NCP)in winter can persist to the following spring during most years. The persistenceof haze pollution over the NCP (HPNCP) is attributed to the maintenance of an anticyclonic anomaly (AA)over northeast Asia and southerly wind anomalies over the NCP. Southerlywind anomalies over the NCP reduce surface wind speed and increase relativehumidity, which are conducive to above-normal HPNCP both in winter andspring. However, there exist several years when above-normal HPNCP inwinter are followed by below-normal HPNCP in the following spring.The reversed HPNCP in winter and spring in these years is due to theinverted atmospheric anomalies over northeast Asia. In particular, AA overnortheast Asia in winter is replaced by a cyclonic anomaly (CA) in thefollowing spring. The resultant spring northerly wind anomalies over the NCP areconducive to below-normal HPNCP. These two distinctive evolutions ofHPNCP and atmospheric anomalies over northeast Asia from winter tospring are attributed to the different evolutions of sea surface temperatureanomalies (SSTAs) in the North Atlantic. In the persistent years, warm NorthAtlantic SSTAs in winter persist to the following spring via a positive air–seainteraction process and induce a negative spring North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)-like pattern, which contributes to the AA over northeast Asia via anatmospheric wave train. By contrast, in the reverse years, cold SSTAs in theNorth Atlantic are maintained from winter to spring, which induce a positivespring NAO-like pattern and lead to a CA over northeast Asia via an atmosphericwave train. Hence, this study improves our understanding of thecharacteristics of haze pollution evolution from winter to the followingspring and suggests the potential role of North Atlantic SSTAs to serveas an important preceding signal for haze pollution prediction one seasonahead over the North China Plain.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Distinct evolutions of haze pollution from winter to the following spring over the North China Plain: role of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies