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. Surface ozone (O3) pollution during summer (June–August) over easternChina has become more severe in recent years, resulting in a co-occurrenceof surface O3 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamicdiameters ≤ 2.5 µm in the air) pollution. However, the mechanismsregarding how the synoptic weather pattern (SWP) might influence this compoundpollution remain unclear. In this study, we applied the T-mode principalcomponent analysis (T-PCA) method to objectively classify the occurrence offour SWPs over eastern China, based on thegeopotential heights at 500 hPa during summer (2015–2018). These four SWPsover eastern China were closely related to the western Pacific subtropicalhigh (WPSH), exhibiting significant intra-seasonal and interannualvariations. Based on ground-level air quality observations, remarkablespatial and temporal disparities of surface O3 and PM2.5 pollutionwere also found under the four SWPs. In particular, there were two SWPs thatwere sensitive to compound pollution (Type 1 and Type 2). Type 1 wascharacterized by a stable WPSH ridge with its axis at about 22∘ Nand the rain belt located south of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD); Type 2 also exhibited WPSH dominance (ridge axis at ∼ 25∘ N) but with the rain belt (over the YRD) at a higher latitudecompared to Type 1. In general, SWPs have played an important role asdriving factors of surface O3–PM2.5 compound pollution in aregional context. Our findings demonstrate the important role played by SWPsin driving regional surface O3–PM2.5 compound pollution, inaddition to the large quantities of emissions, and may also provide insightsinto the regional co-occurring high levels of both PM2.5 and O3via the effects of certain meteorological factors.

Large-scale synoptic drivers of co-occurring summertime ozone and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; pollution in eastern China

Large-scale synoptic drivers of co-occurring summertime ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in eastern China