English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. Ocean-going ships emit large amounts of air pollutants such asnitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter. NOx emitted from ships canbe converted to nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2), whichproduce hydroxyl (OH) and chlorine (Cl) radicals and recycle NOx, therebyaffecting the oxidative capacity and production of secondary pollutants.However, these effects have not been quantified in previous investigationsof the impacts of ship emissions. In this study, a regional transport model(WRF-Chem) revised to incorporate the latest HONO and ClNO2 processeswas used to investigate their effects on the concentrations of ROx(RO2 + HO2 + OH) radicals, ozone (O3), and fine particulate matter(PM2.5) in Asia during summer. The results show that the ship-derivedHONO and ClNO2 increased the concentration of ROx radicals byapproximately 2–3 times in the marine boundary layer. The enhancedradicals then increased the O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in marineareas, with the ship contributions increasing from 9 % to 21 %and from 7 % to 10 % respectively. The largest ROx enhancement wassimulated over the remote ocean with the ship contribution increasing from29 % to 50 %, which led to increases in ship-contributed O3 andPM2.5 from 21 % to 38 % and from 13 % to 19 % respectively. Incoastal cities, the enhanced levels of radicals also increased the maximumO3 and averaged PM2.5 concentrations from 5 % to 11 % and from4 %–8 % to 4 %–12 % respectively. These findings indicatethat modelling studies that do not consider HONO and ClNO2 cansignificantly underestimate the impact of ship emissions on radicals andsecondary pollutants. Therefore, it is important that these nitrogencompounds be included in future models of the impact of ship emissions onair quality.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Impact of international shipping emissions on ozone and PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in East Asia during summer: the important role of HONO and ClNO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;