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. The oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic compounds leads to the formationof secondary organic aerosol mass (SOA). The present study aims toinvestigate α-pinene, limonene, and m-cresol with regards to their SOAformation potential dependent on relative humidity (RH) under night-(NO3 radicals) and daytime conditions (OH radicals) and the resultingchemical composition. It was found that SOA formation potential of limonenewith NO3 under dry conditions significantly exceeds that of the OH-radical reaction, with SOA yields of 15–30 % and 10–21 %,respectively. Additionally, the nocturnal SOA yield was found to be verysensitive towards RH, yielding more SOA under dry conditions. In contrast, the SOA formation potential of α-pinene with NO3slightly exceeds that of the OH-radical reaction, independent from RH. Onaverage, α-pinene yielded SOA with about 6–7 % from NO3radicals and 3–4 % from OH-radical reaction. Surprisingly, unexpectedlyhigh SOA yields were found for m-cresol oxidation with OH radicals (3–9 %), with the highest yield under elevated RH (9 %), which is most likelyattributable to a higher fraction of 3-methyl-6-nitro-catechol (MNC). Whileα-pinene and m-cresol SOA was found to be mainly composed ofwater-soluble compounds, 50–68 % of nocturnal SOA and 22–39 % ofdaytime limonene SOA are water-insoluble. The fraction of SOA-bound peroxideswhich originated from α-pinene varied between 2 and 80 % as afunction of RH. Furthermore, SOA from α-pinene revealed pinonic acid as the mostimportant particle-phase constituent under day- and nighttime conditionswith a fraction of 1–4 %. Other compounds detected are norpinonic acid(0.05–1.1 % mass fraction), terpenylic acid (0.1–1.1 % massfraction), pinic acid (0.1–1.8 % mass fraction), and3-methyl-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (0.05–0.5 % mass fraction). Allmarker compounds showed higher fractions under dry conditions when formedduring daytime and showed almost no RH effect when formed during night.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Importance of secondary organic aerosol formation of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;α&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-pinene, limonene, and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;m&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-cresol comparing day- and nighttime radical chemistry