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. To investigate the impacts of multiscale circulations on theplanetary boundary layer (PBL), we have carried out the PBL thermodynamic structure field experiment with a Doppler wind profile lidar, a microwaveradiometer, and a ceilometer from January 2018 to December 2019 in Beijing.We found that the direct regulatory effect of synoptic circulation workedthrough transporting and accumulating pollutants in front of mountains inthe daytime, while the indirect effect of multiscale circulations workedthrough coupling mechanisms in the nighttime. The horizontal coupling ofdifferent-direction winds produced a severe pollution convergent zone. Thevertical coupling of upper environmental winds and lower regional breezesregulated the mixing and diffusion of pollutants by generating dynamic windshear and advective temperature inversion. We also found that the dominating synoptic circulations led to great differences in PBL thermodynamicstructure and pollution. The cyclonic circulation resulted in a typicalmultilayer PBL characterized by high vertical shear (600 m), temperatureinversion (900 m), and an inhomogeneous stratification. Meanwhile, strongregional breezes pushed the pollution convergent zone to the south ofBeijing. The southwesterly circulation resulted in a mono-layer PBLcharacterized by low vertical shear (400 m) and inversion (200 m). Thewesterly circulation led to a hybrid-structure PBL, and the advectiveinversion was generated by the vertical shear of zonal winds. Strongenvironmental winds of southwesterly and westerly circulations pushed thesevere-pollution zone to the front of mountains. There was no distinct PBLstructure under the anticyclone circulation. The study systematicallyrevealed the appreciable effects of synoptic and regional circulations onPBL structure and air quality, which enriched the prediction theory ofatmospheric pollution in the complex terrain.

The thermodynamic structures of the planetary boundary layer dominated by synoptic circulations and the regular effect on air pollution in Beijing