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. Effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) onthe interannual variability in spring aerosols over East Asia areinvestigated using the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research andApplications Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis aerosol data. Results show thatthe ENSO has a crucial effect on the spring aerosols over mainland South East Asia, southern China, and the ocean south of Japan. The above-normal(below-normal) aerosols are found over these regions during the ensuing spring of El Niño(La Niña). In contrast to the local aerosol diffusion inwinter, the ENSO affects East Asian aerosols in the following spring mainlyvia the modulation of upstream aerosol generation and transport processes. Theunderlying physical mechanism is that during the ensuing spring of El Niño (La Niña), the dry (wet) air and reduced (enhanced) precipitation arebeneficial for the increase (reduction) in biomass burning activities overnorthern mainland South East Asia, resulting in more (fewer) carbonaceousaerosol emissions. On the other hand, the anomalous anticyclone (cyclone)over the north-western Pacific (WNP) associated with El Niño (LaNiña) enhances (weakens) the low-level south-westerly wind from northern mainland South East Asia to southern Japan, which transports more (less)carbonaceous aerosol downstream. Anomalous precipitation plays a role inreducing aerosols over the source region, but its washout effect over thedownstream region is limited. The ENSO's impact on the ensuing springaerosols is mainly attributed to the eastern Pacific ENSO rather than thecentral Pacific ENSO.

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effect on interannual variability in spring aerosols over East Asia