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. In the event of a failure of a nuclear power plant with releaseof radioactive material into the atmosphere, dispersion modelling is used to understand how the released radioactivity is spread. For the dispersion of particles, Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs) are commonly used, in which model particles, representing the released material, are transportedthrough the atmosphere. These model particles are usually inert and undergoonly first-order processes such as dry deposition and simplified wetdeposition along the path through the atmosphere. Aerosol dynamic processesincluding coagulation, condensational growth, chemical interactions,formation of new particles and interaction with new aerosol sources areusually neglected in such models. The objective of this study is to analysethe impact of these advanced aerosol dynamic processes if they were to beincluded in LPDM simulations for use in radioactive preparedness. Inthis investigation, a fictitious failure of a nuclear power plant is studied forthree geographically and atmospherically different sites. The incident wassimulated with a Lagrangian single-trajectory box model with a newsimulation for each hour throughout a year to capture seasonal variabilityof meteorology and variation in the ambient aerosol. (a) We conclude that modelling of wet deposition by incorporating an advanced cloudparameterization is advisable, since it significantly influence simulatedlevels of airborne and deposited activity including radioactive hotspots,and (b) we show that inclusion of detailed ambient-aerosol dynamics can playa large role in the model result in simulations that adopt a more detailedrepresentation of aerosol–cloud interactions. The results highlight apotential necessity for implementation of more detailed representation ofgeneral aerosol dynamic processes into LPDMs in order to cover the fullrange of possible environmental characteristics that can apply during a releaseof radionuclides into the atmosphere.

Aerosol dynamics and dispersion of radioactive particles