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. Sugar compounds (SCs) are major water-soluble constituents in atmosphericaerosols. In this study, we investigated their molecular compositions andabundances in the northern receptor site (Mangshan) of Beijing, China, tobetter understand the contributions from biogenic and anthropogenic sourcesusing a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. The sampling sitereceives anthropogenic air mass transported from Beijing by southerly winds,while northerly winds transport relatively clean air mass from the forestareas. Day- and nighttime variations were analyzed for anhydrosugars,primary sugars, and sugar alcohols in autumn 2007. We found that biomassburning (BB) tracers were more abundant at nighttime than daytime, whileother SCs showed different diurnal variations. Levoglucosan was found to bedominant sugar among the SCs observed, indicating an intense influence oflocal BB for cooking and space heating at the surroundings of the Mangshansite. The high levels of arabitol and mannitol in daytime suggest asignificant contribution of locally emitted fungal spores and long-range-transported bioaerosols from the Beijing area. The plant emissions fromMangshan forest park significantly control the diurnal variations ofglucose, fructose, and mannitol. The meteorological parameters (relativehumidity, temperature, and rainfall) significantly affect the concentrationsand diurnal variations of SCs. Sucrose (pollen tracer) showed a cleardiurnal variation, peaking in the daytime due to higher ambient temperatureand wind speed, which influences the pollen release from the forest plants.We found the contribution of trehalose from soil dust in daytime, whilemicrobial and fungal spores were responsible for nighttime. Anhydrosugar andprimary sugars are prime carbon sources of the Mangshan aerosols. The highratios of levoglucosan in organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon at nighttime suggest a significant contribution of BB to organic aerosols atnight. Levoglucosan / mannosan ratios demonstrate that low-temperature burningof hardwood is dominant in Mangshan. The positive matrix factorizationanalysis concluded that forest vegetation, fungal species, and local BB arethe significant sources of SCs.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Measurement report: Diurnal and temporal variations of sugar compounds in suburban aerosols from the northern vicinity of Beijing, China – an influence of biogenic and anthropogenic sources