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. Size-segregated particulate air samples were collected during theaustral summer of 2016–2017 at Palmer Station on Anvers Island, western Antarctic Peninsula,to characterize trace elements in aerosols. Traceelements in aerosol samples – including Al, P, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ce,and Pb – were determined by total digestion and a sector field inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometer (SF-ICP-MS). The crustal enrichment factors(EFcrust) and k-means clustering results of particle-size distributionsshow that these elements are derived primarily from three sources: (1) regional crustal emissions, including possible resuspension of soilscontaining biogenic P, (2) long-range transport, and (3) sea salt. Elementsderived from crustal sources (Al, P, Ti, V, Mn, Ce) withEFcrust&lt;10 were dominated by the coarse-mode particles(&gt;1.8 µm) and peaked around 4.4 µm in diameter,reflecting the regional contributions. Non-crustal elements (Ca, Ni, Cu, Zn,Pb) showed EFcrust&gt;10. Aerosol Pb was primarily dominatedby fine-mode particles, peaking at 0.14–0.25 µm, and likely wasimpacted by air masses from southern South America based on air mass backtrajectories. However, Ni, Cu, and Zn were not detectable in most sizefractions and did not present clear size patterns. Sea-salt elements (Ca,Na+, K+) showed a single-mode distribution and peaked at 2.5–4.4 µm. The estimated dry deposition fluxes of mineral dust for theaustral summer, based on the particle-size distributions of Al measured atPalmer Station, ranged from 0.65 to 28 mg m−2 yr−1 with a mean of5.5±5.0 mg m−2 yr−1. The estimated dry deposition fluxesof the target trace elements in this study were lower than most fluxesreported previously for coastal Antarctica and suggest that atmosphericinput of trace elements through dry deposition processes may play a minorrole in determining trace element concentrations in surface seawater overthe continental shelf of the western Antarctic Peninsula.

Concentrations, particle-size distributions, and dry deposition fluxes of aerosol trace elements over the Antarctic Peninsula in austral summer