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. This paper presents a modelling study on the fate of CHBr3 and itsproduct gases in the troposphere within the context of tropical deepconvection. A cloud-scale case study was conducted along the west coast ofBorneo, where several deep convective systems were triggered on the afternoon andearly evening of 19 November 2011. These systems were sampled by the Falconaircraft during the field campaign of the SHIVA project and analysed using asimulation with the cloud-resolving meteorological model C-CATT-BRAMS at 2×2 km resolution that represents the emissions, transport bylarge-scale flow, convection, photochemistry, and washout of CHBr3and its product gases (PGs). We find that simulated CHBr3 mixingratios and the observed values in the boundary layer and the outflow of theconvective systems agree. However, the model underestimates the backgroundCHBr3 mixing ratios in the upper troposphere, which suggests amissing source at the regional scale. An analysis of the simulated chemicalspeciation of bromine within and around each simulated convective systemduring the mature convective stage reveals that &gt;85 % of thebromine derived from CHBr3 and its PGs is transported vertically tothe point of convective detrainment in the form of CHBr3 and thatthe remaining small fraction is in the form of organic PGs, principallyinsoluble brominated carbonyls produced from the photo-oxidation ofCHBr3. The model simulates that within the boundary layer and freetroposphere, the inorganic PGs are only present in soluble forms, i.e. HBr,HOBr, and BrONO2, and, consequently, within the convective clouds,the inorganic PGs are almost entirely removed by wet scavenging. We find thatHBr is the most abundant PG in background lower-tropospheric air and that thisprevalence of HBr is a result of the relatively low background troposphericozone levels at the regional scale. Contrary to a previous study in adifferent environment, for the conditions in the simulation, the insolubleBr2 species is hardly formed within the convective systems andtherefore plays no significant role in the vertical transport of bromine. Thislikely results from the relatively small quantities of simulated inorganicbromine involved, the presence of HBr in large excess compared to HOBr andBrO, and the relatively efficient removal of soluble compounds within theconvective column.

Cloud-scale modelling of the impact of deep convection on the fate of oceanic bromoform in the troposphere: a case study over the west coast of Borneo