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. Geostationary satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth(AOD) over East Asia from the Geostationary Ocean ColorImager (GOCI) and Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) instruments can augment surfacemonitoring of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality, but thisrequires better understanding of the AOD–PM2.5 relationship. Here weuse the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to analyze the critical variablesdetermining the AOD–PM2.5 relationship over East Asia by simulation ofobservations from satellite, aircraft, and ground-based datasets. Thisincludes the detailed vertical aerosol profiling over South Korea from theKORUS-AQ aircraft campaign (May–June 2016) with concurrent ground-basedPM2.5 composition, PM10, and AERONET AOD measurements. TheKORUS-AQ data show that 550 nm AOD is mainly contributed bysulfate–nitrate–ammonium (SNA) and organic aerosols in the planetaryboundary layer (PBL), despite large dust concentrations in the freetroposphere, reflecting the optically effective size and high hygroscopicityof the PBL aerosols. We updated SNA and organic aerosol size distributionsin GEOS-Chem to represent aerosol optical properties over East Asia by usingin situ measurements of particle size distributions from KORUS-AQ. We findthat SNA and organic aerosols over East Asia have larger size (number medianradius of 0.11 µm with geometric standard deviation of 1.4) and20 % larger mass extinction efficiency as compared to aerosols over NorthAmerica (default setting in GEOS-Chem). Although GEOS-Chem is successful inreproducing the KORUS-AQ vertical profiles of aerosol mass, its ability tolink AOD to PM2.5 is limited by under-accounting of coarse PM and bya large overestimate of nighttime PM2.5 nitrate. The GOCI–AHI AOD dataover East Asia in different seasons show agreement with AERONET AODs and aspatial distribution consistent with surface PM2.5 network data. TheAOD observations over North China show a summer maximum and winter minimum,opposite in phase to surface PM2.5. This is due to low PBL depthscompounded by high residential coal emissions in winter and high relativehumidity (RH) in summer. Seasonality of AOD and PM2.5 over South Koreais much weaker, reflecting weaker variation in PBL depth and lack ofresidential coal emissions.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Relating geostationary satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over East Asia to fine particulate matter (PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;): insights from the KORUS-AQ aircraft campaign and GEOS-Chem model simulations