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. This study focuses on how aerosols, serving as cloudcondensation nuclei (CCN), affect the properties of diurnal precipitationunder the weak synoptic weather regime over complex topography, which is acommon summertime environmental regime in Taiwan. Semi-realistic large-eddysimulations (LESs) were carried out using TaiwanVVM and driven by idealizedobservational soundings. We perform object-based tracking analyses, whichdiagnose both the spatial and temporal connectivity of convective systems,aiming to reduce the variability in convection and align the aerosol effectson the mature stage of the convective life cycle. In the hotspot areas ofstrong orographic locking processes, the precipitation initiation ispostponed significantly when the CCN concentration is increased from theclean scenario to the normal scenario, which prolongs the development oflocal circulation and convection. For this organized regime, the occurrenceof the tracked extreme diurnal precipitating systems is notably enhanced.Also, the 99th percentile of the maximum rain rate, cloud depth, and in-cloudvertical velocity during the lifetime of the diurnal precipitating systemsincreases by 9.4 %, 4.4 %, and 1.3 %. This study demonstrates thatthe design of semi-realistic LESs, as well as the object-based trackinganalyses, is useful to investigate the responses of orographically drivendiurnal convective systems to ambient conditions.

Tracking the influence of cloud condensation nuclei on summer diurnal precipitating systems over complex topography in Taiwan