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. This work focuses on total organic carbon (TOC) and contributing species incloud water over Southeast Asia using a rare airborne dataset collectedduring NASA's Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment(CAMP2Ex), in which a wide variety of maritime clouds were studied,including cumulus congestus, altocumulus, altostratus, and cumulus.Knowledge of TOC masses and their contributing species is needed forimproved modeling of cloud processing of organics and to understand howaerosols and gases impact and are impacted by clouds. This work relies on159 samples collected with an axial cyclone cloud-water collector ataltitudes of 0.2–6.8 km that had sufficient volume for both TOC andspeciated organic composition analysis. Species included monocarboxylicacids (glycolate, acetate, formate, and pyruvate), dicarboxylic acids(glutarate, adipate, succinate, maleate, and oxalate), methanesulfonic acid(MSA), and dimethylamine (DMA). TOC values range between 0.018 and 13.66 ppm C with a mean of 0.902 ppm C. The highest TOC values are observed below 2 kmwith a general reduction aloft. An exception is samples impacted by biomassburning for which TOC remains enhanced at altitudes as high as 6.5 km (7.048 ppm C).Estimated total organic matter derived from TOC contributes a mean of30.7 % to total measured mass (inorganics + organics). Speciatedorganics contribute (on a carbon mass basis) an average of 30.0 % to TOC inthe study region and account for an average of 10.3 % to total measuredmass. The order of the average contribution of species to TOC, in decreasingcontribution of carbon mass, is as follows (±1 standard deviation):acetate (14.7 ± 20.5 %), formate (5.4 ± 9.3 %), oxalate (2.8 ± 4.3 %), DMA (1.7 ± 6.3 %), succinate (1.6 ± 2.4 %), pyruvate (1.3 ± 4.5 %), glycolate (1.3 ± 3.7 %),adipate (1.0 ± 3.6 %), MSA (0.1 ± 0.1 %), glutarate (0.1 ± 0.2 %), and maleate (&lt; 0.1 ± 0.1 %). Approximately70 % of TOC remains unaccounted for, highlighting the complex natureof organics in the study region; in samples collected in biomass burning plumes,up to 95.6 % of TOC mass is unaccounted for based on the species detected.Consistent with other regions, monocarboxylic acids dominate the speciatedorganic mass (∼ 75 %) and are about 4 times moreabundant than dicarboxylic acids. Samples are categorized into four cases based on back-trajectory history,revealing source-independent similarity between the bulk contributions ofmonocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids to TOC (16.03 %–23.66 % and3.70 %–8.75 %, respectively). Furthermore, acetate, formate,succinate, glutarate, pyruvate, oxalate, and MSA are especially enhancedduring biomass burning periods, which is attributed to peat emissions transportedfrom Sumatra and Borneo. Lastly, dust (Ca2+) and sea salt(Na+/Cl-) tracers exhibit strong correlations with speciatedorganics, supporting how coarse aerosol surfaces interact with thesewater-soluble organics.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Total organic carbon and the contribution from speciated organics in cloud water: airborne data analysis from the CAMP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;Ex field campaign