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. The realization of the difficulty of limiting global-meantemperatures to within 1.5 or 2.0 ∘C abovepre-industrial levels stipulated by the 21st Conference of Parties inParis has led to increased interest in solar radiation management (SRM)techniques. Proposed SRM schemes aim to increase planetary albedo to reflectmore sunlight back to space and induce a cooling that acts to partiallyoffset global warming. Under the auspices of the Geoengineering ModelIntercomparison Project, we have performed model experiments whereby globaltemperature under the high-forcing SSP5-8.5 scenario is reduced to followthat of the medium-forcing SSP2-4.5 scenario. Two different mechanisms toachieve this are employed: the first via a reduction in the solar constant(experiment G6solar) and the second via modelling injections of sulfurdioxide (experiment G6sulfur) which forms sulfate aerosol in thestratosphere. Results from two state-of-the-art coupled Earth system models(UKESM1 and CESM2-WACCM6) both show an impact on the North AtlanticOscillation (NAO) in G6sulfur but not in G6solar. Both models show apersistent positive anomaly in the NAO during the Northern Hemisphere winterseason in G6sulfur, suggesting an increase in zonal flow and an increase inNorth Atlantic storm track activity impacting the Eurasian continent and leadingto high-latitude warming over Europe and Asia. These results are broadlyconsistent with previous findings which show similar impacts fromstratospheric volcanic aerosol on the NAO and emphasize that detailedmodelling of geoengineering processes is required if accurate impacts of SRMeffects are to be simulated. Differences remain between the two models inpredicting regional changes over the continental USA and Africa, suggestingthat more models need to perform such simulations before attempting to drawany conclusions regarding potential continental-scale climate change underSRM.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

North Atlantic Oscillation response in GeoMIP experiments G6solar and G6sulfur: why detailed modelling is needed for understanding regional implications of solar radiation management