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. The anthropogenic impact is a major factor of climatechange, which is highest in industrial regions and modern megacities.Megacities are a significant source of emissions of various substances intothe atmosphere, including CO2 which is the most important anthropogenicgreenhouse gas. In 2019 and 2020, the mobile experiment EMME (EmissionMonitoring Mobile Experiment) was carried out on the territory of StPetersburg which is the second-largest industrial city in Russia with apopulation of more than 5 million people. In 2020, several measurement datasets were obtained during the lockdown period caused by the COVID-19(COronaVIrus Disease of 2019) pandemic. One of the goals of EMME was toevaluate the CO2 emission from the St Petersburg agglomeration.Previously, the CO2 area flux has been obtained from the data of theEMME-2019 experiment using the mass balance approach. The value of theCO2 area flux for St Petersburg has been estimated as being 89±28 kt km−2 yr−1, which is 3 times higher than thecorresponding value reported in the official municipal inventory. Thepresent study is focused on the derivation of the integral CO2 emission from St Petersburg by coupling the results of the EMME observational campaigns of 2019 and 2020 and the HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories) model. The ODIAC (Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2) database is used as the source of the a priori information on the CO2 emissions for the territory of St Petersburg. The most important finding of the present study, based on the analysis of two observational campaigns, is a significantly higher CO2emission from the megacity of St Petersburg compared to the data ofmunicipal inventory, i.e. ∼75800±5400 kt yr−1 for2019 and ∼68400±7100 kt yr−1 for 2020 versus∼30 000 kt yr−1 reported by official inventory. Thecomparison of the CO2 emissions obtained during the COVID-19lockdown period in 2020 to the results obtained during the same period of2019 demonstrated the decrease in emissions of 10 % or7400 kt yr−1.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

The CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; integral emission by the megacity of St Petersburg as quantified from ground-based FTIR measurements combined with dispersion modelling