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. Atmospheric aerosol particles are known to have detrimentaleffects on human health and climate. Black carbon is an importantconstituent of atmospheric aerosol particulate matter (PM), emitted fromincomplete combustion. Source apportionment of BC is very important, toevaluate the influence of different sources. The high-resolution sootparticle aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-SP-AMS) instrument uses a laservaporiser, which allows the real-time detection and characterisation ofrefractory black carbon (rBC) and its internally mixed particles such asmetals, coating species, and rBC subcomponents in the form of HOA + fullerene.In this case study, the soot data were collected by using HR-SP-AMS duringGuy Fawkes Night on 5 November 2014. Positive matrix factorisation wasapplied to positively discriminate between different wood-burning andbonfire sources for the first time, which no existing black carbon sourceapportionment technique is currently able to do. Along with this, the use ofthe fullerene signals in differentiating between soot sources and the use ofmetals as a tracer for fireworks has also been investigated, which did notsignificantly contribute to the rBC concentrations. The addition offullerene signals and successful positive matrix factorisation (PMF) application to HR-SP-AMS dataapportioned rBC into more than two sources. These bonfire sources areHOA + fullerene, biomass burning organic aerosol, more oxidised oxygenatedorganic aerosol (MO-OOA), and non-bonfire sources such as hydrocarbon-like OAand domestic burning. The result of correlation analysis between HR-SP-AMSdata and previously published Aethalometer, MAAP, and CIMS data provides aneffective way of gaining insights into the relationships between thevariables and provide a quantitative estimate of the source contributions tothe BC budget during this period. This research study is an importantdemonstration of using HR-SP-AMS for the purpose of BC source apportionment.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Technical note: A new approach to discriminate different black carbon sources by utilising fullerene and metals in positive matrix factorisation analysis of high-resolution soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer data