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Abstract. Intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) emitted from vehicles areimportant precursors to secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in urban areas, yetvehicular emission of IVOCs, particularly from on-road fleets, is poorlyunderstood. Here we initiated a field campaign to collect IVOCs withsorption tubes at both the inlet and the outlet in a busy urban tunnel(&gt;30 000 vehicles per day) in south China for characterizingemissions of IVOCs from on-road vehicles. The average emission factor ofIVOCs (EFIVOCs) was measured to be 16.77±0.89 mg km−1(average ±95 % CI, confidence interval) for diesel and gasoline vehicles in thefleets, and based on linear regression, the average EFIVOCs was derivedto be 62.79±18.37 mg km−1 for diesel vehicles and 13.95±1.13 mg km−1 for gasoline vehicles. The EFIVOCs for dieselvehicles from this study was comparable to that reported previously fornon-road engines without after-treatment facilities, while the EFIVOCsfor gasoline vehicles from this study was much higher than that recentlytested for a China V gasoline vehicle. IVOCs from the on-road fleets did notshow significant correlation with the primary organic aerosol (POA) or totalnon-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) as results from previous chassisdynamometer tests. Estimated SOA production from the vehicular IVOCs andVOCs surpassed the POA by a factor of ∼2.4, and IVOCsdominated over VOCs in estimated SOA production by a factor of∼7, suggesting that controlling IVOCs is of greaterimportance to modulate traffic-related organic aerosol (OA) in urban areas. The resultsdemonstrated that although on-road gasoline vehicles have much lowerEFIVOCs, they contribute more IVOCs than on-road diesel vehicles due toits dominance in the on-road fleets. However, due to greater diesel thangasoline fuel consumption in China, emission of IVOCs from diesel engineswould be much larger than that from gasoline engines, signaling theoverwhelming contribution of IVOC emissions by non-road diesel engines inChina.

Measurement report: Emissions of intermediate-volatility organic compounds from vehicles under real-world driving conditions in an urban tunnel