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. In coastal areas, there is increased concern aboutemissions from shipping activities and the associated impact on air quality.We have assessed the ship aerosol properties and the contribution to coastalparticulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) levels by measuringship plumes in ambient conditions at a site in southern Sweden, within aSulfur Emission Control Area. Measurements took place during a summer and awinter campaign, 10 km downwind of a major shipping lane. Individual shipsshowed large variability in contribution to total particle mass, organics,sulfate, and NO2 . The average emission contribution of the shippinglane was 29±13 and 37±20  ng m −3 to PM 0.5 , 18±8 and 34±19  ng m −3 to PM 0.15 , and 1.21±0.57 and 1.11±0.61 µg m−3 to NO2 , during winter and summer, respectively. Sulfate and organics dominated the particle mass and mostplumes contained undetectable amounts of equivalent black carbon (eBC). Theaverage eBC contribution was 3.5±1.7  ng m −3 and the absorptionAngstrom exponent was close to 1. Simulated ageing of the shipaerosols using an oxidation flow reactor showed that on a few occasions,there was an increase in sulfate and organic mass after photochemicalprocessing of the plumes. However, most plumes did not produce measurableamounts of secondary PM upon simulated ageing.

Ship plumes in the Baltic Sea Sulfur Emission Control Area: chemical characterization and contribution to coastal aerosol concentrations