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. In this work, we use Coupled Model IntercomparisonProject Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations from 10 Earth system models (ESMs) andgeneral circulation models (GCMs) to study the fast climate responses onpre-industrial climate, due to present-day aerosols. All models carried outtwo sets of simulations: a control experiment with all forcings set to theyear 1850 and a perturbation experiment with all forcings identical to thecontrol, except for aerosols with precursor emissions set to the year 2014.In response to the pattern of all aerosols effective radiative forcing(ERF), the fast temperature responses are characterized by cooling over thecontinental areas, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, with the largestcooling over East Asia and India, sulfate being the dominant aerosol surfacetemperature driver for present-day emissions. In the Arctic there is awarming signal for winter in the ensemble mean of fast temperatureresponses, but the model-to-model variability is large, and it is presumablylinked to aerosol-induced circulation changes. The largest fastprecipitation responses are seen in the tropical belt regions, generallycharacterized by a reduction over continental regions and presumably asouthward shift of the tropical rain belt. This is a characteristic androbust feature among most models in this study, associated with weakening ofthe monsoon systems around the globe (Asia, Africa and America) in responseto hemispherically asymmetric cooling from a Northern Hemisphere aerosolperturbation, forcing possibly the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) andtropical precipitation to shift away from the cooled hemisphere despite thataerosols' effects on temperature and precipitation are only partly realizedin these simulations as the sea surface temperatures are kept fixed. Aninteresting feature in aerosol-induced circulation changes is acharacteristic dipole pattern with intensification of the Icelandic Low andan anticyclonic anomaly over southeastern Europe, inducing warm airadvection towards the northern polar latitudes in winter.

Fast responses on pre-industrial climate from present-day aerosols in a CMIP6 multi-model study